KURAN I KERİM HER DİLDE

b36

: colon
; semi-colon
- hyphen
(dash)
& ampersand
/ virgule
(forward slash)
\ reversed
virgule
(backward slash)
@ at
# hash
£ pound symbol
euro symbol
$ dollar symbol
' apostrophe
~ tilde
* asterisk
´ acute
accent
` grave
accent
" quotation
mark
( ) left / right parentheses
[] left / right square bracket
{} left / right brace
< > left / right angle
bracket

03:13 - 30/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

b35

Types of Verbs

Types of Verbs

 




Before you begin the verb tense lessons, it is extremely important to understand that NOT all English verbs are the same. English verbs are divided into three groups:

 

 




Group I Continuous Verbs

 

     The first group, called "Continuous Verbs", contains most English verbs. These verbs are usually physical actions which you can see somebody doing. These verbs can be used in all tenses.

Continuous Verbs
   to run, to walk, to eat, to fly, to go, to say, to touch etc.

Examples:

I eat dinner every day. Correct

I am eating dinner now. Correct

 




Group II Non-continuous Verbs

 

The second group, called "Non-continuous Verbs", is smaller. These verbs are usually things you cannot see somebody doing. These verbs are rarely used in "continuous" tenses. They include:

Abstract Verbs
   to be, to want, to cost, to seem, to need, to care, to contain, to owe, to exist...

Possession Verbs
   to possess, to own, to belong...

Emotion Verbs
   to like, to love, to hate, to dislike, to fear, to envy, to mind...

Examples:

He is here now.    Correct
He is being here now.    Not Correct

He wants a drink now.    Correct
He is wanting a drink now.    Not Correct

 




Group III Mixed Verbs

 

   The third group, called "Mixed Verbs", is the smallest group. These verbs have more than one meaning. Some meanings behave like "Non-continuous Verbs", while other meanings behave like "Continuous Verbs."

Mixed Verbs
to have, to appear, to see, to hear, to feel, to weigh, to look ...

List of Mixed Verbs with Examples and Definitions:

to appear:

Donna appears confused.    Non-continuous Verb
(Donna seems confused.)

My favorite singer is appearing at the jazz club tonight.    Continuous Verb
(My favorite singer is giving a performance at the jazz club tonight.)

to have:

I have a dollar now.    Non-continuous Verb
(I possess a dollar.)

I am having fun now.    Continuous Verb
(I am experiencing fun now.)

to hear:

She hears the music.    Non-continuous Verb
(She hears the music with her ears.)

She is hearing voices.    Continuous Verb
(To hear something others cannot hear. She is hearing voices in her mind.)

to miss:

John misses Sally.    Non-continuous Verb
(He is sad because she is not there.)

Debbie is missing her favorite TV program.    Continuous Verb
(She is not there to see her favorite program.)

to see:

I see her.    Non-continuous Verb
(I see her with my eyes.)

I am seeing the doctor.    Continuous Verb
(To visit or consult with a doctor, dentist, or lawyer.)

I am seeing her.    Continuous Verb
(I am having a relationship with her.)

He is seeing ghosts at night.    Continuous Verb
(To see something others cannot see. For example ghosts, aura, a vision of the future etc.)

to smell:

The coffee smells good.    Non-continuous Verb
(The coffee has a good smell.)

I am smelling the flowers.    Continuous Verb
(I am sniffing the flowers.)

to taste:

The coffee tastes good.    Non-continuous Verb
(The coffee has a good taste.)

I am tasting the cake.    Continuous Verb
(I am trying the cake to see what it tastes like.)

to think:

He thinks the test is easy.    Non-continuous Verb
(He considers the test to be easy.)

She is thinking about the question.    Continuous Verb
(She is pondering the question, going over it in her mind.)

to weigh:

The table weighs a lot.    Non-continuous Verb
(The table has a great weight.)

She is weighing herself.    Continuous Verb
(She is determining her weight.)

Some Verbs Can Be Especially Confusing:

to be:

Joe is American.    Non-continuous Verb
(Joe is an American citizen.)

Joe is being very American.    Continuous Verb
(Joe is behaving like a stereotypical American.)

Joe is being very rude.    Continuous Verb
(Joe is behaving very rudely. Usually he is not rude.)

Joe is being very formal.    Continuous Verb
(Joe is behaving very formally. Usually he is not formal.)

NOTICE: Only rarely is "to be" used in a continuous form. This is most commonly done when a person is temporarily behaving badly or stereotypically. It can also be used when someone's behavior is noticeably different.

to feel:

The massage feels great.    Non-continuous Verb
(The massage has a pleasing feeling.)

I don't feel well today.    Continuous or Non-continuous Verb
I am not feeling well today.
(I am a little sick.)

NOTICE: Feel is very flexible and there is no difference in meaning in the two sentences above.)




03:12 - 30/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

b34

To do and to make

To do and to make

 

The verbs do and make are often confused by
nonnative speakers.

 

  • do
    often has the meaning of “perform a routine or assigned activity.”
  • make
    usually has the sense of producing or creating something.

 

do your homework

do your best

do business with

do the ironing, washing, cleaning, housework

do the dishes

do exercises

do a favor

do research

do your job

 

but…

 

make a donation—make a contribution (in class)

make a mistake--make an error

make friends with

make money

make a noise

make peace—make war

make a plan

make a promise

make a speech

make a turn

make a comparion

make a decision (the British “take” decisions)

make a discovery

 

and…

To make matters worse, one expression has both! “Make do
means to manage with what is available. (I couldn’t find any cous cous in the
store, so I had to make do with rice.  I
can’t afford to buy a new car this year, so I’m going to have to make do with
my old Ford for another year.)

 

Two
idiomatic expressions:

When
you ask someone what they do, you are asking what their job is. (I asked
Anwar what he does and he said he works at Dunkin’ Donuts.)

When
you ask someone what they make or how much they make, you are
asking how much money they earn. (How much do you make at the doughnut shop?)
By the way, it is very rude to ask an American directly how much they make. You
can ask them what they do, but not what they make!


03:12 - 30/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

b33

To Be

            To Be
             

The verb to be has three forms: am,
is, are.
 


Singular Plural
1st Person I am student. We are students.
2nd Person You are a student You are students
3rd Person He is a student. 

She is a student. 

It is a book.
They are students. 

They are books.


 

Use am in a sentence about yourself.

    I am a doctor.
    I am hungry.
    I'm a student.
    I'm too hot.


  

Hint: Always capitalize I.


  

  
Use is in sentences about a third
person or thing.

    He is a doctor.           
    He's tall.
    She is a teacher.         
    She's intelligent.
    It is a book                 
    It's sunny today. 

     

    Hint: Native speakers of English often use contractions with to
    be. 
     

    I'm, You're, He's, She's, It's, We're, They're


      

     

Use are in sentences about a second person (you)
singular and all plural subjects.

    You are a doctor.       
    You are tall.
    You are doctors.         
    You (plural) are tall.
    We are students.         
    We are too cold.
    They are teachers.       
    They are too hot.
     

      

     

    Reminder: The pronoun you can refer to a plural or singular noun. It is
    sometimes difficult to know which it is. 


      


 
The verb to be can be followed by

  • an adjective
  • an object
  • here or there


 

 

Adjective                                      
Object                                             
here/there
I'm hot. I am a teacher I am here.
You're very smart. You are a musician. You're there.
He's handsome. She's a pilot. It's there.
We're exhausted. We're the leaders. We're here.
You're finished. You're taxi drivers. You're here.
They are blue. They are new cars. They're over there

03:11 - 30/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

b32

Simple Present

Simple Present

 




FORM Simple Present

 

EXAMPLE:   [ to run]

I run
you run
he runs
she runs
it runs
we run
they run




USE 1 Repeated Actions   

 

Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.

EXAMPLES:

I play tennis.

She does not play tennis.

The train leaves every morning at 8 am.

The train does not leave at 9am.

She always forgets her purse.

He never forgets his wallet.

Every twelve months, the Earth circles the sun.

The sun does not circle the Earth.

 




USE 2 Facts or Generalizations     

 

The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things.

EXAMPLES:

Cats like milk.(It is not important that this fact is untrue.)

Birds do not like milk.

California is in America.

California is not in the United Kingdom.

Windows are made of glass.

Windows are not made of wood.

New York is a small city.

 




USE 3 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)   

 

Sometimes speakers use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done with Non-continuous Verbs and certain Mixed Verbs.

EXAMPLES:

I am here now.

She is not here now.

He needs help right now.

He does not need help now.

He has a car.

 




ACTIVE / PASSIVE Simple Present

 

EXAMPLES:

Once a week, Tom cleans the car. ACTIVE

Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. PASSIVE





03:10 - 30/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

b31

Simple Future

Simple Future

 




The Simple Future has two different forms in English, "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a specific time in the future.

 

 






FORM Will

 

[WILL] + [VERB]

EXAMPLES:

I will help him later.

I will never help him.

NOTE: When you are using a verb tense with more than one part such as Simple Future (will help), adverbs usually come between the first part and the second part (will never help).

 




FORM Be Going To

 

[AM / IS / ARE] + [GOING TO] + [VERB]

EXAMPLES:

He is going to meet Jane tonight.

He is definitely going to meet Jane tonight.

NOTE: When you are using a verb tense with more than one part such as Simple Future (is going to meet), adverbs usually come between the first part and the second part (is definitely going to meet).

 




IMPORTANT No Future in Time Clauses

 

Like all future forms, the Simple Future cannot be used in clauses beginning with "when", "while", "before", "after", "by the time," "as soon as," "if" and "unless." In this lesson, all verbs in Time Clauses are italicized.

EXAMPLES:

When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct

When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct




USE 1 "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action

 

"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Often we use "will" to respond to someone else's complaint or request for help.

EXAMPLES:

A: I'm really hungry.
B: I'll make some sandwiches.

A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep.
B: I'll get you some coffee.

A: The phone is ringing.
B: I'll get it.

 




USE 2 "Will" to Express a Promise

 

"Will" is usually used in promises.

EXAMPLES:

I will call you when I arrive.

If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has access to inexpensive health insurance.

I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.

 




USE 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan

 

"Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person intends to do something in the future.

EXAMPLES:

He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.

We are going to meet each other tonight at 6:00 PM.

A: Who is going to make John's birthday cake.
B: Sue is going to make John's birthday cake.

 




USE 4 "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction

 

Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the future. Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future. In "prediction" sentences, the subject usually has little control over the future and therefore USES 1-3 do not apply. In the following examples there is no difference in meaning.

EXAMPLES:

The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.
The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year.

John Smith will be the next President.
John Smith is going to be the next President.

The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards.
The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards.

 




IMPORTANT

 

In the Simple Future, it is not always clear which USE the speaker has in mind. Often, there is more than one way to interpret a sentence's meaning.

 




ACTIVE / PASSIVE FORMS Simple Future

 

EXAMPLES:

John will certainly finish the work by 5:00 PM. ACTIVE
The work will certainly be finished by 5:00 PM. PASSIVE

Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. ACTIVE
A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight. PASSIVE









03:10 - 30/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

b30

Principal parts of verbs--with present participle

Verbs

This lesson will concentrate on the principal parts of the verb
and then we will focus on using the simple present and the present
continuous forms
.

Most grammar teachers talk about three principal parts of the
verb:

              

Present Past Past Participle 
ask asked asked

 

I like to think of four principal parts of a verb:

 

Present  Past  Present Participle Past Participle
ask asked asking asked
need needed needing needed
scrape scraped scraping scraped
run ran running run
give gave giving given
go went going gone

Spelling is a consideration when we talk about all these verb parts.
Look at the chart above and think about this rule:

Double the final
consonant when you add -ed or -ing
to a verb that ends with one vowel followed by
one consonant.

Don't double the final consonant when you add -ing to need
or ask, but double it when adding -ing to trap or
run.

When a verb ends
with an e, you must drop the e before adding -ing
and you should only add a d for the regular past tense or past participle.

Drop the final e in give and scrape before adding
the -ing and only add a -d when you make scrape a
past tense verb.

 

Remember: ask, need, and scrape are regular
verbs and run, give, and go are irregular verbs.

           
Regular verbs always have -ed as a past tense ending.

           
Irregular verbs have various (irregular)
past tense endings.

 

Be careful not to overuse the present participle.

Use the present participle only with the progressive tenses and participial
adjectives. Note the difference between the present tense and the
present progressive tense.

 

 

Present Tense Present Progressive (Continuous) Tense

 

Example Bob runs every morning before work. Example Bob is running to catch the bus.
Explanation Use the present tense to indicate that something happens on
a regular basis. The present tense is used for habitual actions.
Explanation Use the present progressive tense to indicate that something
is happening right now. The progressive tense is sometimes called
the continuous tense because it describes something that is continuing.

 

Note: Certain verbs cannot be used in the present progressive
tense. These are verbs that indicate conditions or states.
These verbs don't express action, so they cannot be in the present progressive.
They are called stative verbs. They include:

Stative Verbs

Descriptions  Possession Measurement Senses Emotions/

        attitudes
Ideas
seem have weigh feel love/need know
be own measure hear like/want think
look like possess equal see care/prefer believe
sound like belong to cost taste hate/dislike recognize
involve owe amount to smell mind/value remember
consist of depend on   hurt appreciate understand
contain         mean

 

Some of these verbs have a non-stative meaning also.

             
Stative: I feel sad about your brother's problems.

                           
The soup tastes too salty.

             
Non-stative: The doctor is feeling my arm to see if it is broken.

                                   
David is tasting the soup. He doesn't want it to taste too salty

03:09 - 30/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

b29

Present Continuous Questions - What are you doing?

Remember It

Questions

Who? People
What? Things
Where? Places


 


Present Continuous

Present continuous form=am/is/are + verb + ing (something is
happening NOW)

You can use the short
forms
.

Present Continuous

 

 


 

Learn It

 

What am I doing? What is he/she/it doing? What are we/you/they
doing?

Am/Is/Are
doing
To stand What am I doing? "I'm standing. I'm not
sit
ting."
To sit What is he doing? "He's sitting. He's not (He
isn't) stand
ing."
To walk What is she doing? "She's walking. She's not
(She isn't) run
ning."
To run What is it doing? "It's running. It's not (It
isn't) walk
ing."
To play What are they doing? "They're playing. They're not
(They aren't) work
ing."
To surf What are we doing? "We're surfing the Internet.
We're not (We aren't) watch
ing
television."

 


 

Try to guess what Mr Bean is doing (requires
Macromedia Shockwave Player.)

Click on Mr Bean

A person

 


 

What to say - Open and closed questions

Answering Yes

Closed Question - answer = yes or no Long answer Short answer
"Am I learning English?" "Yes, you're learning
English."
"Yes, you are." or
"Yes."
"Is he/she learning English?" "Yes, he/she's learning English." "Yes, he/she is." or "Yes."
"Are you learning English?" "Yes, I'm learning English." "Yes, I am." or "Yes."
"Are we learning English?" "Yes, we're learning English." "Yes, we are." or "Yes."
"Are they learning English?" "Yes, they're learning
English."
"Yes, they are." or "Yes."

Answering No

Closed Question - answer = yes or no Long answer Short answer
"Am I learning German?" "No, I'm not learning
German."
"No, I'm not." or
"No."
"Is he/she learning German?" "No, he/she's not (he/she isn't) learning
German."
"No, he/she's not (he/she isn't)." or "No."
"Are you learning German?" "No, you're not (you aren't)
learning German."
"No, you're not (you aren't)."
or "No."
"Are we learning German?" "No, we're not (we aren't) learning German." "No, we're not (we aren't)." or "No."
"Are they learning German?" "No, they're not (they
aren't) learning German."
"No, they're not (they aren't)."
or "No."

Answering in full

Open Question - can't answer yes or no Long answer Short answer
"What are you doing?" "I'm learning English." "Learning English."
"What is he doing?" "He's learning English." "Learning English."
"What is she doing?" "She's learning English." "Learning English."
"What are we doing?" "We're learning English." "Learning English."
"What are they doing?" "They're learning English." "Learning English."

Naturally speaking:-

You:- "Are you learning English?"

Me: - "No, I 'm not."

You:- "What are you doing?"

Me: - "I 'm teaching English."

You:- "What language are you learning?"

Me: - "I 'm learning German."

 

03:08 - 30/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

b28

Present Continuous Negative

Present Continuous Negative

Present continuous form=am/is/are + verb + ing (something is
happening NOW)

You can use the short
forms
.

Present Continuous

 

 

 


 

Learn It

In the negative=add not after am/is/are (something is not happening
NOW).

I'm not ......ing. | He/she/it isn't .....ing. | You/we/they aren't .....ing.

To stand "I'm not sitting. I'm standing."
To sit "He's not (he isn't) standing. He's sitting."
To walk "She's not (she isn't) running. She's walking."
To run "It's not (it isn't) walking. It's running. "
To play "They're not (they aren't) working. They're playing.
"
To surf "We're not (we aren't) watching television. We're surfing
the Net."

 


 


 

 

Opposites

To stand

stand

 


To sit

sit

 


To walk

walk

 


To run

run

 


To play

play

 


work

 


 

 


 

Spelling
Tip:

Using a dictionary

Books

Dictionaries come in many sizes and kinds. Small dictionaries are called
pocket or compact, larger dictionaries are often called shorter and very large
dictionaries are often called greater.

Small dictionaries are useful for finding everyday spellings and meanings.
Some dictionaries have pictures to show the meanings of words. They are good
for checking words that can be confused:-

horse n a four-legged animal with hooves ....
hoarse adj. of the voice, rough or croaking. 

In a dictionary after the word they tell you what kind of word it is in
italics
:-

adj. adjective
adv. adverb
conj. conjunction
interj. interjection
n noun
prep. preposition
pron. pronoun
vb verb

03:08 - 30/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

b27

Present continuous form

Present continuous form=am/is/are + verb + ing (something is
happening NOW)

You can use the short forms.

Present Continuous

 

Am/Is/Are doing
"What am I doing?"   "I'm standing.
"What is he doing?" To sit   "He's sitting.
"What is she doing?" To walk   "She's walking.
"What is it doing?" To run   "It's running.
"What are they doing?" To play   "They're playing."
"What are we doing?" To surf   "We're surfing the Internet.

More with Picture
It

 


 

Try to guess what Mr Bean is doing (requires
Macromedia Shockwave Player.)

Click on Mr Bean

A person

 


 

Spelling
Tip:

Words ending in two consonants - add ing To walk walk + ing walking
Words ending in two vowels + consonant. To sleep sleep + ing sleeping
Words ending in vowel + g To jog jog + ging jogging
Words ending in vowel + m To swim swim + ming swimming
Words ending in vowel + n To run run + ning running
Words ending in vowel + p To shop shop + ping shopping
Words ending in vowel + t To put put + ting putting
Words ending in ie To die d + ying dying
Words ending in e To phone phon + ing phoning

 


 

Pronunciation
- Short forms

Click on each word to hear the sound (requires
Real Player Basic .)

I am I'm I am not I'm not
  He is He's He is not He's not He isn't  
  She is She's She is not She's not She isn't  
  It is It's It is not It's not It isn't  
  You are You're You are not You are'nt You're not  
  We are We're We are
not
We aren't We're not  
  They
are
They're They are not They are'nt They're not

 

03:06 - 30/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

b26

Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous

 


 


FORM Past Perfect Continuous

[HAD BEEN] + [VERB+ing]

EXAMPLES:

I had been waiting there for two hours before she finally arrived.

She had only been studying English for two years before she got the job.

NOTE: When you are using a verb tense with more than one part such as Past Perfect Continuous (had been studying), adverbs often come between the first part and the second part (had only been studying).

 

 


 

USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Past

We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past. "For five minutes" and "for two weeks" are both durations which can be used with the Past Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous; however, the duration does not continue until now.

EXAMPLES:

They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.

She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business.

James had been teaching at the University for more than a year before he left for Asia.

 

 


 


USE 2 Cause of Something in the Past

Using the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect.

EXAMPLES:

Jason was tired because he had been jogging.

Sam gained weight because he had been overeating.

 

 


 


IMPORTANT

If you do not include a duration such as "for five minutes," "for two weeks" or "since Friday", many English speakers choose to use the Past Continuous. There is also a difference in meaning. Compare the examples below.

EXAMPLES:

I was reading when my roommate returned.
Emphasizes the interruption of "reading."

I had been reading for an hour when my roommate returned.
Emphasizes the amount of time "for an hour."

 

 


 


ACTIVE / PASSIVE FORMS Past Perfect Continuous

EXAMPLES:

Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years, before he moved to Paris. ACTIVE

The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for two years before he moved to Paris. PASSIVE

NOTE: Passive forms of the Past Perfect Continuous are not common.

 

03:05 - 30/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

b25

Past Perfect

Past Perfect

 




FORM Past Perfect

 

[HAD] + [PAST PARTICIPLE]

Examples:
NOTE: When you are using a verb tense with more than one part such as Past Perfect (had met), adverbs often come between the first part and the second part (had never met).

I had studied a little English when I came to the U.S.

They had never met an American until they met John.

 



 

USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in Past

The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.

EXAMPLES:

I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.

Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 1992?

Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before in 1988.



 

USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-continuous Verbs)

With Non-progressive Verbs and some non-progressive uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past.

EXAMPLES:

We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.

By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years.




IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect

 

Unlike the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary.

 

EXAMPLE:

She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.

If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when before or after is used in the sentence. The words before and after actually tell you what happens first so the Past Perfect is optional. Both sentences below are correct.

EXAMPLE:

She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.

She visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.

HOWEVER

If the Past Perfect action did not happen at a specific time, Past Perfect MUST be used at all times. Compare the two sentences below.

 


EXAMPLE:

She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. Correct

She never saw a bear before she moved to Alaska. Not Correct

 




ACTIVE / PASSIVE FORMS Past Perfect

 

EXAMPLES

George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanics license. ACTIVE

Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanics license. PASSIVE




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b24

Past Continuous

Past Continuous

 




FORM Past Continuous

 

[WAS / WERE] + [VERB+ing]
EXAMPLES:

I was studying when she called.

I was carefully picking up the snake when it bit me.

NOTE: When you are using a verb tense with more than one part such as Past Continuous (was picking), adverbs often come between the first part and the second part (was carefully picking).

 




IMPORTANT

 

Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word when such as "...when she called " or "...when it bit me." Clauses with the Past Continuous usually start with while. While expresses the idea "during the time." Study the examples below. They have the same meaning.

EXAMPLES:

I was studying when she called.

While I was studying, she called.

 




USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past    

 

Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually an action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.

EXAMPLES:

I was watching TV when she called.

When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.

While we were having a picnic, it started to rain.

Sally was working when Joe had the car accident.

While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.

 




USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption    

 

In USE 1, described above, the Past Continuous is interrupted by an action in the Simple Past. However, you can also use a specific time as an interruption.

EXAMPLES:

Last night at 6 p.m., I was eating dinner.

At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.

 




IMPORTANT

 

In the Simple Past a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In the Past Continuous a specific time only interrupts the action.

EXAMPLES:

Last night at 6 p.m., I ate dinner.
(I started eating at 6 p.m.)

Last night at 6 p.m., I was eating dinner.
(I started earlier and at 6 p.m. I was in the process of eating dinner.)

 




USE 3 Parallel Actions    

 

When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.

EXAMPLES:

I was studying while he was making dinner.

While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.

They were eating dinner, discussing their plans and having a good time.




USE 4 Atmosphere

 

In English we often use a series of Parallel Actions to describe atmosphere in the past.

EXAMPLE:

When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad service.




USE 5 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"    

 

The Past Continuous with words such as always or constantly expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happened in the past. The concept is very similar to the expression used to but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words always or constantly between "be" and "verb+ing."

EXAMPLES:

She was always coming to class late.

He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.

I didn't like them because they were always complaining.

 




IMPORTANT Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs

 

It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any "continuous" tenses. Also, certain "non-continuous" meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in "continuous" tenses. To express the idea of Past Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple Past.

EXAMPLES:

Jane was being at my house when you arrived. Not CorrectCorrect

Jane was at my house when you arrived.




ACTIVE / PASSIVE Past Continuous

 

EXAMPLES:

The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store. ACTIVE

The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store. PASSIVE










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b23

Parts of Speech - Verbs

Parts of Speech - Verbs


Verbs are the most important words in a sentence. Verbs are the first of the eight parts of speech that we will be studying. Most verbs are action words, but a few verbs indicate state of being or existence. The first lessons will be about verbs, and how they are recognized and used.
Find the verbs in the following sentences. They are action verbs.
The wolf ran across the sand.
Sit down.
The dog barked at the man.
Answer:
The verbs in the sentences are ran, sit, and barked. All three verbs are action verbs since they show action. Action verbs are the most common verbs.

 



Lesson 2

 

 

Parts of Speech - Verbs
Find the verbs in these sentences. These verbs will be state of being verbs.
My uncle is a pilot.
The pie looks good.
You seem upset.
Answer:
The verbs in the sentences are is, looks, and seem. These verbs are state of being or linking verbs. Some common linking verbs are is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been, seem, look, feel, and become. They do not show action. They just show that something exists.

 



Parts of Speech - Verbs

 

 

Pick out the verbs in these sentences and tell whether they are action verbs or linking verbs.
Suddenly someone sneezed loudly.
There are holes in my shirt.
He appears happy.
The image appeared in the mirror.
Answer:
The verbs are sneezed, are, appears, and appeared. Sneezed and appeared are action verbs. Are and appears are linking or state of being verbs. Some verbs like appear can be either action or linking verbs. It depends on whether it shows action or not. Appears above is like saying seems which shows no action while appeared above shows the action of the image.

 



Lesson 4
Parts of Speech - Verbs

 

 

 

Sometimes a verb can be more than one word. When a verb is more than one word, it is called a verb phrase. Verb phrases can be two, three, or four words. Verb phrases are made by using auxiliary or helping verbs. What are the verb phrases in these sentences?
You are going to Seattle.
You have been resting too much.
We must be early.
I will be finished shortly.
Answer:
The verb phrases are are going, have been resting, must be, and will be finished. These sentences all have what are called auxiliary or helping verbs. I will refer to them as helping verbs. There are twenty-three (23) helping verbs that should be memorized since they are used so often. If you will memorize them, it will make knowing and understanding verbs much easier. They are usually grouped in the following five groups:
Group 1: is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been
Group 2: has, have, had
Group 3: do, does, did
Group 4: shall, will, should, would
Group 5: may, might, must, can, could

 



Lesson 5
Parts of Speech - Verbs

 

 

 

Some of the helping verbs can be used alone as the main verb. Is, am, are, was, and were can be used alone as linking or state of being verbs. Has, have, had, do, does, and did always show action when used alone. Be, being, and been can be used with other verbs either to show action or state of being. The other helping verbs cannot be used alone but only as helping verbs.
Find the verb or verb phrases in these sentences.
She has too many friends.
You do beautiful work.
I was in Canada last week.
You are being very stubborn.
Answer:
The verb and verb phrases were has, do, was, and are being. Has and do are action verbs, and was and are being are state of being verbs.

 




Quiz for Lessons

 

 

List the verbs or verb phrases in the sentences, and tell whether they are action verbs or state of being verbs. For extra credit, find the helping verbs.

1. Jim plays basketball.

2. They will return on the airplane.

3. Badger is a funny dog.

4. I have been here a long time.

5. I should have been playing the drum.

6. Go home.


Answers:

1. plays - action
2. will return - action
3. is - linking or state of being
4. have been - state of being
5. should have been playing - action
6. go -action

The helping verbs are will, have, should, have, and been. The been in sentence 4 is not a helping verb because it is the main verb. The last verb in a verb phrase is always the main verb.

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b22

Future Perfect Continuous

Future Perfect Continuous

 




IMPORTANT No Future in Time Clauses

 

Like all future forms, the Future Perfect Continuous cannot be used in clauses beginning with "when," "while," "before," "after," "by the time," "as soon as," "until," "if" and "unless". In this lesson, all verbs in Time Clauses are italicized.

EXAMPLES:

I won't tell the student the answer until he has been working on the math problem for more than an hour. Correct

I won't tell the student the answer until he will have been working on the math problem for more than an hour. Not Correct

 




FORM Future Perfect Continuous

 

[WILL HAVE BEEN] + [VERB+ing]

EXAMPLE:

I will have been waiting for two hours when her plane finally arrives.

[AM / IS / ARE] + [GOING TO HAVE BEEN] + [VERB+ing]

EXAMPLE:

I am going to have been waiting for two hours when her plane finally arrives.

NOTE: It is possible to use either "will" or "going to" to create the Future Perfect Continuous with little or no difference in meaning.

 



 

USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Future

We use the Future Perfect Continuous to show that something will continue up until a particular event or time in the future. "For five minutes," "for two weeks" and "since Friday" are all durations which can be used with the Future Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous and the Past Perfect Continuous, however the duration stops in the future.

EXAMPLES:

They will have been talking for over an hour by the time Tony arrives.

She is going to have been working at that company for three years when it finally closes.

James will have been teaching at the University for more than a year by the time he leaves for Asia.

 




USE 2 Cause of Something in the Future

 

Using the Future Perfect Continuous before another action in the future is a good way to show cause and effect.

EXAMPLES:

Jason will be tired when he gets home because he will have been jogging for over an hour.

Claudia's English will be perfect when she returns to Germany because she is going to have been studying English in the United States for over two years.

 




IMPORTANT

 

If you do not include a duration such as "for five minutes," "for two weeks" or "since Friday", many English speakers choose to use the Future Continuous. There is also a difference in meaning. Compare the examples below.

EXAMPLES:

I will be reading when my roommate returns.
The reading will be interrupted.

I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns.
The reading will stop just before my roommate returns.

 




ACTIVE / PASSIVE Future Perfect Continuous

 

EXAMPLES:

The famous artist will have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished. ACTIVE

The mural will have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished. PASSIVE

NOTE: Passive forms of the Past Perfect Continuous are not common.






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b21

Future Continuous

Future Continuous

 




IMPORTANT No Future in Time Clauses

 

Like all future forms, the Future Continuous cannot be used in clauses beginning with "when", "while", "before", "after", "by the time", "as soon as", "if" and "unless". In this lesson, all verbs in Time Clauses are italicized.

EXAMPLES:

While I am finishing my homework, she is going to make dinner. Correct

While I will be finishing my homework, she is going to make dinner. Not Correct




FORM Future Continuous

 

[WILL BE] + [VERB+ing]

EXAMPLE:

When your plane arrives tonight, I will be waiting for you.

[AM / IS / ARE] + [GOING TO] + [VERBing]

EXAMPLE:

When your plane arrives tonight, I am going to be waiting for you.

NOTE: It is possible to use either "will" or "going to" to create the Future Continuous with little or no difference in meaning.

 




USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Future     

 

Use the Future Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted. The interruption is usually an action in the Simple Future. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.

EXAMPLES:

I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.

I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives.

While I am working, Steve will make dinner. (NOTICE "am working" because of "while.")

I am going to be staying at the Madison Hotel, if anything happens and you need to contact me.

He will be studying at the library tonight, so he will not see Jennifer when she arrives.

NOTE: No future tenses can be used in Time Clauses therefore you must say "While I am working... ." See the warning at the top of the page.

 




USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption     

 

In USE 1, described above, the Future Continuous is interrupted by an action in the Simple Future. However, you can also use a specific time as an interruption.

EXAMPLES:

Tonight at 6 p.m., I am going to be eating dinner.

At midnight tonight, we will still be driving through the desert.

 




IMPORTANT

 

In the Simple Future a specific time is used to show the time an action will begin. In the Future Continuous, a specific time only interrupts the action.

EXAMPLES:

Tonight at 6 p.m., I am going to eat dinner.
I am going to start eating at 6 p.m.

Tonight at 6 p.m., I am going to be eating dinner.
I am going to start earlier and I will be in the process of eating dinner at 6 p.m. .

 




USE 3 Parallel Actions    

 

When you use the Future Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions will be happening at the same time. These are Parallel Actions.

EXAMPLES:

I am going to be studying while he is making dinner.

While Ellen is reading, Tim will be watching television.

Tonight, they will be eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.

 




USE 4 Atmosphere

 

In English we often use a series of Parallel Actions to describe atmosphere in the future.

EXAMPLE:

When I arrive at the party everybody is going to be celebrating. Some will be dancing. Others are going to be talking. A few people will be eating pizza and several people are going to be drinking beer. They always do the same thing.

 




IMPORTANT Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs

 

It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any "continuous" tenses. Also, certain "non-continuous" meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in "continuous" tenses. To express the idea of Future Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple Future.

EXAMPLES:
Jane will be being at my house when you arrive. Not Correct

Jane will be at my house when you arrive. Correct




ACTIVE / PASSIVE FORMS Future Continuous

 

EXAMPLES:

At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the dog. ACTIVE

At 8:00 PM tonight, the dog will be being washed by John. PASSIVE

NOTE: Passive forms of the Future Continuous are not common.

 










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b20

Forming the Perfect Tenses

Perfect Tenses

in an Imperfect World

I use this title because I 
want to emphasize that perfect tenses have

absolutely nothing to do with perfection...as
we know it.

------------X---------------------Now---------------------->

1. We use the Present
Perfect to indicate that something in the past is


connected to something
in the present.


 

          The child has learned fractions.

 

The child knows fractions now. The
child had a lesson in fractions
in
the past.


(Fractions are parts of a number:
one half, one quarter,
one eighth.)

 

        
Jian-Hui:
Have you seen Gone with the Wind, Eileen?
 

            
Eileen: Yes, I have. I liked it very much.
 

Eileen has seen the movie and is
familiar with it. She did not
specify
WHEN she saw it.

2. We use the Present
Perfect with a repeated activity before now.


 

 

I have taken the TOEFL test three
times.
 
This is the third time I have taken
the TOEFL.

 

I took the test three times before
right now.          I am taking
the test now.


I am not not necessarily
taking the test now.

 

3. We use the Present
Perfect with "for" or "since" for an activity
or
action that starts in the past and continues into the present.


 

Ahmed has lived in Cairo for six
years.
 
It's been raining for six days.

 

(He still lives there.)                                              
(It's still raining.)

 

I've been staying at the Hilton
since Tuesday.
 
The temperature has been above 30
degrees Centigrade since June 01.
 

 

(I stayed there last night and every
night               
(It's still very hot.)


since Tuesday.)

The words "for" and "since" indicate
that an action is unfinished.


Use "for" to express a period of
time.


Use "since" to indicate the start
of an action or activity.

Past Perfect

4.  When we speak
in the past perfect, we are talking about at
least
two


events in the past.

---------X----------X-----------Now--------------->

 

 

The the door on the freezer had
been
open for 24 hours when we
discovered
it. All the food had gone bad.
 
When Juan arrived at the party,
I had already gone home.

 

 These two examples indicate
that one event in the past occurred
before
the other.


Note: the bold-face type
indicates the Past Perfect. Use the Past Perfect to indicate the action

that happened first.

5. We also use the
Past Perfect to indicate actions that happen
repeatedly


in the past.

 

He had been to Cairo several times
before he was appointed
Public
Affairs Officer 


at the Cairo USIA post. 

 

This is something that happened several
times in the past
before a different,
more recent,  action happened.

Past Perfect Progressive

6. When we speak in
the past perfect progressive, we emphasize the
duration
of an event.


 

 

The man had been waiting to see
a doctor for two hours.
Walter had been taking Spanish lessons
since he was in high school,
so
he should have been pretty good.
 

 

 The past perfect progressive
also may express an activity in progress
for
a reason in the past.


 

 

Sandra was exhausted because she
had been running to catch the bus.
 
The children were dirty because
they had been playing in the mud.
 

 

Sometimes we use the Past Perfect
Progressive for minor detective
work!

 

 

I came home and saw that the pillows
were on the floor,
so I knew
that my dog, Homer, had been lying on the sofa.
 
Mrs. Brown saw cookie crumbs on
the counter, so she knew
that
her husband had been snacking.
 

 

Forming the Perfect
Tenses

To form the Present Perfect, you
need the past participle form of the
verb
preceded


by have or has.
For regular verbs, this is the simple
form
plus -ed. Click here to find a very complete list of the
past participles
of irregular verbs. .

 

 

Regular Verbs:  Irregular Verbs: 
I have walked to work this
week.
 
I have eaten at this restaurant
many times.
 
Eva has learned the periodic
table of elements.
 
He's flown American Airlines
every time he's gone to Rome.
 
Aditya had reminded me twice before I finally fixed the washing
machine.
They had met each other three
years before college.

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b19

English Grammar : Future Perfect Tense

Future Perfect

 




IMPORTANT No Future in Time Clauses

 

Like all future forms, the Future Perfect cannot be used in clauses beginning with "when," "while," "before," "after," "by the time," "as soon as," "if" and "unless". In this lesson, all verbs in Time Clauses are italicized.

EXAMPLES:

I am going to see a movie when I have finished my homework. Correct

I am going to see a movie when I will have finished my homework. Not Correct

 




FORM Future Perfect

 

[WILL HAVE] + [PAST PARTICIPLE]

EXAMPLE:

I will have perfected my English by the time I come back from the U.S.

[AM / IS / ARE] + [GOING TO HAVE] + [PAST PARTICIPLE]

EXAMPLE:

I am going to have perfected my English by the time I come back from the US.

NOTE: It is possible to use either "will" or "going to" to create the Future Perfect with little or no difference in meaning.

 



 

USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in the Future

The Future Perfect expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in the future. It can also show that something will happen before a specific time in the future.

EXAMPLES:

By next November, I will have received my promotion.

By the time he gets home, she is going to have cleaned the entire house.

 



 

USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Future (Non-continuous Verbs)

With Non-continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Future Perfect to show that something will continue up until another action in the future.

EXAMPLES:

I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave.

By Monday, Susan is going to have had my book for a week.

 




ACTIVE / PASSIVE Past Perfect

 

EXAMPLES:

The Post Office will have returned my package before I can pick it up. ACTIVE

My package will have been returned by the Post Office before I can pick it up. PASSIVE





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b18

Countable nouns and Uncountable nouns

Count and
Non-count nouns


also known as

Countable nouns and Uncountable
nouns
 




 

 

    You can count how many you have.     
    You can't count how much you have.
chairs hair
boys water
computers coffee
cars sand
pictures milk
houses transportation
pencils communication
radios news
newspapers information
bottles wine


 

Some nouns are countable. You can add an s to plural countable
nouns: cars, pencils, boys.

You can add a or an to a singular countable noun: a
car, an egg, a boy
. You can use the word many with countable
nouns: many cars.

Some nouns are uncountable (noncount). Uncountable nouns don't
have plurals. You can't add an s to uncountable nouns: information,
transportation, milk
. You can't add a or an to uncountable nouns.

You can use much, a lot of, a little with uncountable
nouns: much traffic, a lot of information, a little milk.


With count nouns, you can use certain determiners such as a few
or several. You can also use some. You can also use some
with uncountable nouns, but you cannot use a few or several
with uncountable nouns.

 

Yes: There were several new chairs in the room.

Yes: There were a few new chairs in the room.

Yes: There were some new chairs in the room.

Yes: There was some new information in the report.

No: There were some new information in the report.

No: There were several new information in the report

No: There was some new informations in the report.

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b17

Capital Letters: When and Why to use them

Capital Letters: When and Why
to use them


 

Use capital letters (large letters) as the first letter of


  • people's first and last (family) names (
    Celine
    Dion, David A.
    Tillyer, Abraham
    L
    incoln)

  • the pronoun
    I (English grammar is difficult,
    but
    I love it.)

  • brand names of products (
    Ford Taurus,
    Chicago Bulls,
    I
    nca Kola)

  • days of the week


  

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday
Friday  Saturday Sunday


  

     

     


  • months of the year


  

January  February  March  April
May June July August
September October November December


  


  • holidays (
    Ramadan, Christmas,
    Tet, Yom Kippur,
    Fourth of July)

  • first letter of the first word of a sentence (
    The
    cat chased the mouse.)

  • names of cities, states, countries and continents (
    Boston,
    Massachusetts; Paris
    France; Europe)

  • languages and adjectives from country names (the
    English
    language,
    Portuguese, the Japanese,
    Spanish, Arabic,
    Arabs)

  • titles and courtesy titles (
    President Clinton
    [but, the president],
    Prince Charles, Mr.,
    Mrs., Ms.)

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b16

Articles: a, an, the

Articles:
a, an, the

a vs.
an

Use a before a singular
noun beginning with a consanant sound. Use
an before a singular noun beginning with a Vowel sound.


 

consonant  consonant sound vowel vowel sound
a box a European an orange an honor
a hand a one-armed man an apple an hour
a clock a university an effort
a word a unique idea an umbrella
a lamp
an introduction


 

a, an vs.
the

A/an 
are indefinite articles. 

The
is a definite article.

Think of the as a
replacement for a/an when the object is known.


 

Albert sat down in a chair. He didn't realize that the chair
was broken.

When I  say a, I expect
that you don't know what I'm talking about.


When I say the, I know that
you know what I am talking about.


 

The sun rises at 5:24 a.m. and sets at 8:29 p.m.. 
Would you please shut the window? It's cold in here.


 

a, an vs.
no article


Use a only with singular
countable nouns.


Use no article with uncountable
nouns


 

The woman's hair was brown. She found a long hair on his shirt.
Life is wonderful. Franklin had an interesting life.
I like coffee better than tea. Would you like a cup of tea?
Nam knows lots of new vocabulary. I taught him 10 new words.


 

Use a with a singular countable noun, but no article
with plural nouns.

 

India is a warm country. India and Mexico are warm countries.
Puna is an intelligent student. Puna and Maria are intelligent students.

Use the before superlative expressions.

 

Pluto is the farthest planet from the Sun.
Mario thinks Italy has the best football team.
The most expensive restaurant in town is Le Cirque.

With expressions such as kind of and type of, use the
with a statement, but don't use a or an
in a question.

 

What kind of computer  do you have. He's the type of student that succeeds.
What brand of car do you like? That's the sort of thing I had in mind.


 

 Use no article with gerunds.

 

Running is good exercise.
Reading is the best thing to do to improve your writing.

Don't use the with place names. Use the
with names which contain the category.

 

Hong Kong the Hudson River
Europe the Balkan peninsula*
Afganistan the Panama Canal
Illinois the Indian Ocean

Here are some exceptions to this rule:

 

Victoria Falls Jones Beach
Central Park Oxford University

Some plurals require the:

 

the Philippines the Great Lakes
the Andes the Antilles

Don't use the with street names:

 

 

Macy's Department store is on 34th Street between Broadway and Seventh
Avenue in New York City.

Note: There are many other rules and conventions
for using the, a, and an. It
takes most second-language learners a long time to use them well. The best
we to learn them is to be aware of their use in your reading and as you
hear native-speakers of English talk. Be careful, it is easy to miss a
and the when native speakers talk. They are small sounds
and you will not always hear them.

 

* Peninsula: an area of land almost
surrounded by water or projecting far into the sea.

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b15

To Be in Yes/No Questions

To Be

in Yes/No Questions

In a question that can be answered with yes or no,
put the verb at the beginning of the sentence. Add a question mark.

 

 

 

statement I am a student You are a student He is a student
question Am I a student? Are you a student? Is he a student>

Notice where the verb moves to:

Statement: You are hungry.

       
Subject/verb


Question: Are you hungry?

       
V
erb/subject

 

You can answer these questions
with short answers.


 

Are you hungry? Yes, I am
Is he a doctor? Yes, he is.
Are they too hot? Yes, they are.

Negative short answers sometimes have two forms.

 

Are you tired? No, I'm not.
Am I fat? No, you aren't. No you're not.
Is he a teacher? No, he isn't. No, he's not.
Are home yet?  No, we aren't. No, we're not.
Are they elephants? No, they aren't. No, they're not.

Note: there is only one short answer for in the first
person--No, I'm not.

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b14

Passive tenses

Simple present

active:

passive:

  • The company ships the computers to many foreign countries.

  • Computers are shipped to many foreign countries.

 

Present Progressive

active:

passive:

  • The chef is preparing the food.

  • The food is being prepared.

top

 

Simple Past

active:

passive:

  • The delivery man delivered the package yesterday.

  • The package was delivered yesterday.

top

 

Past Progressive

active:

passive:

  • The producer was making an announcement.

  • An announcement was being made.

top

 

Future

active:

passive:

  • Our representative will pick up the computer.

  • The computer will be picked up.

top

 

Present Perfect

active:

passive:

  • Someone has made the arrangements for us.

  • The arrangements have been made for us.

top

 

Past Perfect

active:

passive:

  • They had given us visas for three months.

  • We had been given visas for three months.

top

 

Modals

active:

passive:

  • You can use the computer.

  • The computer can be used.

top

 

Subject/Object

active:

passive:

  • They sent the man a package.

  • The man was sent a package.

top

 

By

active:

passive:

  • Their friends often take them to interesting places.

  • They are often taken to interesting places by their friends.

top

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b13

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE - GENİŞ ZAMAN

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE - GENİŞ ZAMAN

A. USE

1. The simple present is used to describe a present situation.
Simple Present, içinde bulunulan anı ifade etmek için kullanılabilir.

I work in Istanbul. (I work now and will work for the future).
He is a hardworking student.

2. The simple present is used to indicate habitual actions or events that regularly happens.
Simple present ile alışkanlıklar ve her gün yapılan işler ifade edilebilir. Bu tür cümlelerde genellikle sıklık zarfları (always, usually, generally etc) kullanılır.

She often goes to work late.
The child usually drink milk before going to bed.

 

3. The simple present is used to express general truths such as scientific fact.
Bilimsel gerçekleri ve doğruluğu kanıtlanmış genellemeleri bu tense ile ifade ederiz.

Water freezes at 0 C. (A scientific fact)
Water boils at 100 C.

4. The simple present is also used in expressions like "I think, I know, I see, etc."
Ayrıca, "I think, I believe" (sanırım, inanıyorum ki) gibi ifadeler geniş zamanda kullanılabilir.

I think you are a hardworking student. I know you're right.

5. The simple present can also be used to talk about the future..
Gelecekle ilgili veya gelecekte yapılması planlanmış durumlarda kullanılabilir veya gelecekle bağlantılı cümlelerde geniş zaman kullanabiliriz.

You'll succeed if you study harder.
I'll visit Topkapi Palace if I go to Istanbul.
The bus leaves at seven o'clock.
I have an important examination tomorrow.
6. The simple present tense is also used with certain verbs (like, taste, believe, sound, feel, hear, remember, weigh, smell, etc)
Şimdiki zamanda kullanılmayan "Non-Progressive Verbs" dediğimiz fiiller vardır. Bu fiiller, geniş zaman ile kullanılabilir. "Like, taste, believe, sound, feel, hear, remember, weigh, smell, love, look, seem, appear, mind, expect, suppose, realize, forget, want, dislike, prefer" gibi fiiller şimdiki zamanda kullanılmayan ancak geniş zamanda kullanılabilen Non-Progressive Fiillerdir.
I don't believe you.
She doesn't love me.

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I work in a great factory
You work
He works
She works
It works
We work
They work


Negative Structure:

I don't   in a great factory.
You don't  
He doesn't  
She doesn't work
It doesn't  
We don't  
They don't  


Question structure:

Do I   in a great factory?
Do You  
Does He  
Does She work
Does It  
Do We  
Do They  

TO BE IN SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

I am   a teacher
You are a student
He is a boy
She is a girl
It is a dog
We are students
They are people

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b12

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE - Dİ'Lİ GEÇMİŞ ZAMAN

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE - Dİ'Lİ GEÇMİŞ ZAMAN

A. USESimple Past, geçmişte belirli bir zamanda yapılmış eylemleri ifade etmek için kullanılır. "Yesterday, last night, two weeks ago, in 2002" gibi zarflar kullanılabilir.I graduated from the university in 2003.
He came from Berlin last night.
Geçmişte belirli bir süre içerisinde devam etmiş olayları, eylemleri anlatmak için kullanılır.

Millions of years ago, dinosaurs inhabited the earth.
They talked to each other during the lesson.
He lived in England for a long time.
Geçmişteki alışkanlıkları ifade etmek için yine Simple Past kullanılır. I always wore a khaki cap in the summer.

1. The Simple Past tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past:

 

2. The Simple Past is used to describe situations which existed for a period of time in the past.

3. It is also used to talk about habits in the past:

He never drank tea.
They generally read several novels in the winter.
Hikaye anlatırken olayları ard arda sıraladığımızda kullanırız.He jumped out of bed, ran into the bathroom and slammed the door.

4. It is used to talk about events that happened one after the other:

 

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I      
You    
He    
She worked  
It    
We    
They    

Note: Use second form of Irregular verbs in positive structure of the Past Simple Tense..
(Geçmiş zaman olumlu cümlelerde, düzensiz fiillerin 2. hali kullanılır.)

Click here for Irregular Verbs Table

Negative Structure:

I    
You    
He    
She didn't work
It    
We    
They    

Question structure:

  I    
  You  
Did He  
Didn't She work?
  It  
  We  
  They

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b11

THE SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE - ŞİMDİKİ ZAMANIN HİKAYESİ

THE SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE - ŞİMDİKİ ZAMANIN HİKAYESİ

A. USE1. The Past Continuous is used to express continuous actions occurring in the past.
Past Continuous geçmişte zamanın belirli bir anında devam etmekte olan eylemleri ve olayları ifade etmek için kullanılır.

B. STRUCTURE

 

I was watching TV at home last night.
They were playing football yesterday afternoon.

2. The Past Continuous tense is frequently used to refer to an ongoing action which was taking place when something else occurred in the past.
Geçmişte devam etmekte olan bir olay esnasında başka bir eylem gerçekleşirse ve bu olaylar "when" ile kurulmuşsa simple past ve past continuous tense birlikte ifade edilir.

My father was watching TV when I arrived at home.
He was reading book while she was washing the dishes.

Positive Structure:

I was    
You were  
He was  
She was working.
It was  
We were  
They were  

Negative Structure:

I    
You    
He wasn't  
She was not working.
It    
We    
They    

Question structure:

  I    
  You  
Was He  
Wasn't She working?
  It  
  We  
  They

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b10

THE SIMPLE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

THE SIMPLE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. USE

1. The Future Continuous is used to indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted. The interruption is usually an action in the Simple Future. This can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.
Future Continuous, gelecekte belirli bir zamanda devam edecek olayları ifade etmek için kullanılır.I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.
I
will be waiting for you when your bus arrives.
He
will be studying at the library tonight, so he will not see Jennifer when she arrives.

 

2. The Simple Future is used with the expression "at this time".
Bu tense'de kullanılan, diğer zamanlardan farklı bir özellik de "at this time" ın kullanılmasıdır.
We will be doing homework at this time tomorrow.
I
will be travelling to Paris at this time next week.

 

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I      
You    
He    
She will be working.
It    
We    
They    

Negative Structure:

I    
You    
He    
She will not be working.
It won't be  
We    
They    

Question structure:

  I    
  You  
Will He  
Won't She be working?
  It  
  We  
  They

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b9

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

A. USE1. The Present Perfect tense is used to express actions which have just or already been completed at the time of speaking or writing.
Present Perfect, geçmişte konuşma anına yakın bir zamanda bitmiş ve etkisi hala devam eden eylem veya olaylardan bahsedirken kullanılır. I have done my homework already.
She has answered half the questions.
Birinci örnekte, "ödevin çoktan tamamlandığı" vurgulanmakta; ikinci örnekte ise konuşma anında "kişinin soruların yarısını cevapladığı" ve "kalan soruları da cevaplayacağı" ima ediliyor. Geçmişte başlayan bir olayın veya etkilerinin hala devam etmesi halinde Present Perfect kullanılır. Yakın geçmişten bahsederken Present Perfect kullanılır.They've just left.
I've just come!
Geçmişte başlamış ve hala devam etmekte olan olayları ifade etmek için Present Perfect kullanılır. Bu anlamı ifade eden cümlelerde "for, since, so far, until now, lately, recently, already, just, yet" gibi zaman zarfları kullanılabilir. I have lived in New York for seven years. (I am still living there.)
I have studied English Language Teaching since 2002. (I am still studying ELT.)


B. STRUCTURE

 

 

In the first example, the use of the Present Perfect tense emphasizes the fact that, at the time of speaking or writing, the work has already been completed. In the second example, the use of the Present Perfect indicates that, at the time of speaking or writing, half the questions have been answered.

2. The Present Perfect tense epresses the very recent past.

 

3. It also tells of a state or situation which has started in the past and is continuing up to now.

 

Positive Structure:

I have    
You have  
He has  
She has worked.
It has  
We have  
They have  

Note: In Present Perfect tense, if the main verb is irregular, its 3rd form should be used.
(Present perfect tense'in olumlu, olumsuz ve soru cümlelerinde, düzensiz fiillerin 3. hali kullanılır.)

Negative Structure:

I haven't  
You haven't  
He hasn't  
She hasn't worked.
It hasn't  
We haven't  
They haven't  

Question structure:

Have I    
Have You  
Has He  
Has She worked?
Has It  
Have We  
Have They

02:51 - 30/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

b8

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

A. USEThe past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event heppened first.
Past Perfect, geçmişte gerçekleşen iki olaydan birinin öncekine kıyasla daha önce gerçekleştiğini ifade etmek için kullanılır.
I went to see the movie. We had discussed it in class. (After we disscussed the movie in the class, I went to see the movie.)
I wanted to live in a foreign country, so I applied for a job in Japan. Judy had lived in Japan, so I called her to find out more about the culture and lifestyle there.
(Judy didn' live in Japan any longer -- she returned from there before I applied for the job.)B. STRUCTURE

 

 

 

Positive Structure:

I      
You    
He    
She had worked.
It    
We    
They    

Note: Use past participle of irregular verbs in both positive, negative structures and questions.

Negative Structure:

I    
You    
He hadn't  
She had not worked.
It    
We    
They    

Question structure:

  I    
  You  
Had He  
Hadn't She worked?
  It  
  We  
  They

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b7

THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

A. USE

1. The Future Perfect tense is used to refer to a non-continuous action which will be completed by a certain time in the future.
Future Perfect, gelecekte belirli bir zamandan önce tamamlanmış olacak eylemleri ifade etmek için future perfect tense kullanılır.

In September, I will have lived in Malatya for four years.
Thomas
will have finished the project by Wednesday.

2. By + noun and by the time + sentence are used to express in Future Perfect.
Future Perfect ile by, by the time, before, in a week, when gibi zaman bağlaçları sıklıkla kullanılabilir.
I will have done my homework by the time he comes.
I
will have been awake for 24 hours by 12 o'clock.

 

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I      
You    
He    
She will have worked.
It    
We    
They    

Negative Structure:

I    
You    
He    
She will not have worked.
It won't have  
We    
They    

Question structure:

  I    
  You  
Will He  
Won't She have worked?
  It  
  We  
  They

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b6

THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. USE

1. The Future Perfect Continuous tense is used to express a continuous, action which will be completed by a certain time in the future.
Future Perfect Continuous, gelecekte bir eylemin olayın ne kadar süre devam etmekte olduğunu belirtmek için kullanılır.

When we arrive in Izmir, we will have been driving for 17 hours.
By the time the match starts, we
will have been waiting here for three hours.

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I      
You    
He    
She will have been working.
It    
We    
They    

Negative Structure:

I    
You    
He    
She will not have been working.
It won't have  
We    
They    

Question structure:

  I    
  You  
Will He  
Won't She have been working?
  It  
  We  
  They

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b5

THE FUTURE "BE GOING TO"

THE FUTURE "BE GOING TO"

A. USE

1. The Future Going to is used to talk about a future intention when a decision has already been made and also used to talk about future predictions when there is evidence that something is going to happen.

Be Going To'nun "going" ile hiç bir alakası yoktur ve her zaman "be" ile kullanılır. Yapılması önceden planlanmış eylemleri "Be Going To" ile ifade edebiliriz. Ayrıca gelecekte olması kesin bir durumu ifade ederken yine "Be Going To" kullanılır. Ancak, gelecekle ilgili bir durumu tahmin ediyorsak veya tahminde bulunuyorsak, Will veya Be Going To her ikisi de kullanılabilir.

I feel terrible. I think I'm going to faint.
They'
re going to meet us in the cafe after the lesson

Look at those clouds! It's going to rain.
According to the weather report, it will /
is going to be rainy tomorrow.

We are going to meet each other tonight at 6:00 PM. (Plan)
He
is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii. (Plan)

The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year. (Prediction)
A beautiful dinner
is going to be made by Sally tonight. (An example for passives)

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b4

HE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

HE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. USE

1. The Present Perfect Continuous tense is used to express continuous, ongoing actions which started in the past and are still going on:
Present Perfect Continuous, geçmişte belirli bir zamanda başlamış olan ve konuşma sırasında da devam eden eylemleri anlatmak için kullanılır. "For, since, ever since, all day, all week, all year" gibi zaman zarfları bu anlamdaki cümlelerde sıkça kullanılır.I have been waiting for her since seven o'clock. (and I'm still waiting for her.)
We
have been running for 15 minutes! Let's have a rest here.

 

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I have    
You have  
He has  
She has been working for two hours.
It has  
We have  
They have  

Negative Structure:

I haven't  
You haven't  
He hasn't  
She hasn't been working for two hours.
It hasn't  
We haven't  
They haven't  

Question structure:

Have I    
Have You  
Has He  
Has She been working for two hours?
Has It  
Have We  
Have They

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b3

Active / Passive Verb Forms

Active / Passive Verb Forms

 




     Sentences can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have "Active Forms" and "Passive Forms". You must learn to recognize the difference to successfully speak English.

 

 




ACTIVE FORM

 

     In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.

[Thing doing action] + [VERB] + [thing receiving action]

EXAMPLES:

The professor              teaches                the students.
   (subject)                 (active verb)               (object)
(doing action)                                         (receiving action)

John                          washes                     the dishes.
(subject)                (active verb)                   (object)
(doing action)                                       (receiving action)




PASSIVE FORM

 

     In some sentences, speakers use the passive form. In the passive form, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included at the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized.

[Thing receiving action] + [BE] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]

EXAMPLES:

The students              are  taught                     by the professor.
(subject)                   (passive verb)
(receiving action)                                               (doing action)

The dishes                  are washed                 by John.
(subject)                    (passive verb)
(receiving action)                                       (doing action)



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b2

Grammar Chart - tenses in english

13 TENSES IN ENGLISH
Tense Positive Negative Question Usage
The Simple Present Tense I go to cinema on Fridays. I do not like playing basketball. Do you know me? Bu tense ile genelde yapılan işler, alışkanlıklar ve bilimsel gerçeklikler ifade edilir.
The Simple Past Tense We took an exam last week. He did not come to school yesterday. Did you take an exam yesterday? Geçmişte belirli bir zaman diliminde yapılan eylemleri anlatmak için kullanılır.
Future Tense He will visit Topkapi Palace next week. I will not come to the meeting next week. Will you come to Turkey this year? Gelecekle ilgili şuan verilen kararları ve tahminleri ifade ederken bu "tense" kullanılır.
The Present Continuous Tense I'm studying English now. It is not snowing outside now. Why are you doing that? Şuan (içinde bulunduğumuz anda) yapmakta olduğumuz eylemleri anlatmak için kullanılır.
The Past Continuous Tense He was reading a novel when I came to the house. It was not  raining when we arrived at home. What was he doing when we were not at home. Bu "tense"i geçmişte belli bir noktada yapmakta olduğumuz eylemleri anlatırken kullanırız.
The Future Continuous Tense She will be sleeping when you arrive at home. I will not be living in Ankara this time next year. What will you be doing this time next year? Gelecekte bir noktada yapıyor olacağınız eylemleri "Future Continuous" ile anlatırsınız.
Future Going to He is going to visit his uncle in Canada next week. I'm not going to have a holiday this summer. Are you going to study it? Gelecekle ilgili planları bu "tense" ile ifade edilir.
The Present Perfect Tense I have seen you two times this week. I have not been to England. How long have you been to Canada. 1) Yakın geçmişte başlayıp sonuçları veya etkileri hala devam eden eylemler için bu "tense" kullanılır. 
2) Geçmişte gerçekleşen bir olay zaman vermeden ifade ediliyorsa yine bu "tense" kullanılır.
The Past Perfect Tense I had already seen that. I had not finished my exam paper when the bell rang. Had you ever seen me before? Geçmişte bir eylemden daha önce gerçekleşmiş başka bir eylemden söz ediliyorsa "Past Perfect" kullanılır.
The Future Perfect Tense I will have graduated from university in two years. She will not have finished her work by the time he comes back. How long will he have lived in London by the end of next spring? Gelecekte bir noktada yapmış veya tamamlamış olacağımız eylemler bu "tense" ile ifade edilebilir.
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense I have been studying French for five hours. I have not been watching TV for three hours. How long have you been studying English? Bu "tense" ile geçmişte başlayıp şuan hala devam etmekte olan eylemler anlatılır.
The Past Perfect Continuous Tense He had been sleeping for hours when the doorbell rang suddenly. The party had been going on for two hours when they began quarrelling. How long had he been sleeping when we arrived? Geçmişte bir zaman diliminde başlayıp, yine geçmişte bir noktada biten eylemler bu "tense" ile ifade edilir.
The Future Perfect Continuous Tense I will have been studying for two hours when you come back. They will not have been watching TV for three hours by the time he goes out. How long will you have been studying lesson by the time you take the examination? Gelecekte bir eylemi ne kadar zamandır yapıyor olacağınızı bu "tense" ile ifade edersiniz.

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b1


Günler - Aylar - Mevsimler from Smokintv on Vimeo.

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b1


Günler - Aylar - Mevsimler from Smokintv on Vimeo.

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b1


Günler - Aylar - Mevsimler from Smokintv on Vimeo.

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a24

Hello    /helo/   Merhaba       
Hi    /hay/   Merhaba       
Welcome    /velkam/   Hoşgeldin(iz)       
Good morning    /gud mornin/   Günaydın       
Good afternoon    /gud eftırnuun/   Tünaydın       
Good evening    /gud ivning/   İyi akşamlar       
Good night    /gud nayt/   İyi geceler       
Have a nice day.    /hev e nays dey/   İyi günler       
Have a good holiday.    /hev e gud holidey/   İyi tatiller       
Have a nice weekend    /hev e nays vikend/   İyi haftasonları       
Have a nice weekend    /hev e nays vikend/   İyi haftasonları       
How are you?    /haw ar yu/   Nasılsınız?       
Fine, thanks. And you?    /fand thenks, end yu/   İyiyim teşekkürler, ya siz?       
See you later    /si yu leytır/   Sonra görüşürüz.       
See you tomorrow    /si yu tımarrov/   Yarın görüşürüz.       
Good bye    /gud bay/   Hoşcakal (güle güle)       
Bye    /bay/   Hoşcakal (güle güle)

My name is Mehmet.    /may neym iz Mehmet/   Benim adım Mehmet       
What is your name?    /vat iz yor neym/   Sizin adın (sizin adınız) nedir?       
I am Mehmet.    /ay em Mehmet./   Ben Mehmet.       
This is Fatma.    /dis iz Fatma/   Bu Fatma.       
This is my friend..    /his iz may firend./   Bu benim arkadaşım.       
Nice to meet you.    /nays tu mit yu/   Sizinle tanışmak güzel.       
Pleased to meet you.    /plizd tu mit yu/   Sizinle tanıştğıma memnun oldum.       
Introduce yourself.    /introdyus yorself/   Kendi tanıt.       
I want to introduce myself.    /ay want tu introdyus mayself/   Kendimi tanıtmak istiyorum.       
I am from Turkey.    /ay em from Törki/   Ben Türkiye'liyim       
Where are you from?    /ver ar yu from/   Nerelisin(iz)?

Help me, please.    /help mi pliz/   Lütfen bana yardım edin       
Help!    /help/   İmdat       
I need help.    /ay nid help/   Yardıma ihtiyacım var.       
I need your help.    /ay nid yor help./   Senin yardımına ihtiyacım var.       
I can help you.    /ay ken help yu./   Sana (size) yardım edebilirim.       
Can I help you?    /ken ay help yu/   Size yardım edebilir miyim?       
Can you help me?    /ken yu help mi/   Bana yardım edebilir misin(iz)?       
Do you need help?    /du yu nid help/   Yardıma ihtiyacınız var mı?       
How can I help you?    /hov ken ay help yu/   Size nasıl yardım edebilirim?

Welcome to Turkey    /velkam tu törki/   Türkiye'ye hoş geldiniz       
I understand (I see)    /ay understend/, /ay si/   Anlıyorum.       
I don't understand.    /ay dont andırstend/   Anlamıyorum.       
I know    /ay nov/   biliyorum       
I don't know    /ay don nov/   bilmiyorum       
I want    /ay vant/   istiyorum       
I don't want    /ay don vant/   istemiyorum       
I am lost    /ay em lost/   kayboldum       
Where am I?    /ver em ay/   neredeyim?       
Where is bank?    /ver iz benk/   Banka nerede?       
Hurry up    /hari up/   acele et       
I am late. (we are late.)    /ay em leyt/, /we ar leyt/   geç kaldım, geç kaldık       
I am hungry.    /ay em hangri)   Karnım aç.       
I am thirsty.    /ay em thörsti/   susuzum       
That's ok.    /deds okey/   tamam       
All right.    /ol rayt/   pekala, tamam       
It is very important.    /it iz veri importınt/   çok önemli

Customer    /kastımır/   müşteri       
Salesman    /seylısmın/   Satıcı       
How much is this?    /hov maç iz dis/   Bunun fiyatı nedir?       
How much are they?    /hov maç ar dey/   Onların fiyatı nedir?       
How much does it cost?    /hov maç doz it kost/   Kaça mal olur? Tutarı nedir?       
I am just looking.    /ay em cast lukin/   Sadece bakıyorum.       
I want a blue shirt.    /ay vant e blu şört/   Mavi bir gömlek istiyorum.       
I want a different color.    /ay vant e diffırınt kalır/   Farklı bir renk istiyorum.       
It is very expensive.    /it iz veri ekspensiv/   Çok pahalı       
It is very cheap.    /it iz veri çiip/   Çok ucuz.       
Have you got smaller one?    /hev yu gat smolır/   Daha küçüğü sizde var mı?       
Have you got bigger one?    /hev yu gat bigır/   Daha büyüğü sizde var mı?       
It is too tight.    /it iz tu tayt/   Çok fazla dar       
It is too loose.    /it iz tu luuz/   Çok fazla geniş

Excuse me, Can I ask you an address?    /ekskyuz mi, ken ay ask yu en ıdres/   Afedersiniz, size bir adres sorabilir miyim?       
I want to go to this address.    /ay vant tu go tu dis ıdres/   Bu adrese gitmek istiyorum.       
I want to go to bus station.    /ay vant tu go tu bas steyşın/   Otogara gitmek istiyorum.       
I want to go to train station.    /ay vant tu go tu treyn steyşın/   Tren garına gitmek istiyorum.       
Where is the bus station?    /ver iz dı bas steyşın/   Otogar nerede?       
Where is the bus stop?    /ver iz dı bas stop/   Otobüs durağı nerede       
Where is the toilet?    /ver iz de toylıt/   Tuvalet nerede?       
This is my hotel address.    /dis iz may hotel ıdres/   Bu benim otel adresim       
It is very near.    /it iz veri niyr/   Çok yakın.       
It is very far.    /it iz veri far/   Çok uzak.       
Go straight ahead    /go streyt ehed/   Dosdoğru git.       
Turn right.    /törn rayt/   Sağa dön       
Turn left    /törn left/   Sola dön.       
How can I go there?    /hav ken ay go der/   Oraya nasıl gidebilirim?       
You can go there by bus.    /yu ken go der bay bas/   Oraya otobüsle gidebilirsiniz.

 

03:23 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a23

body    /badi/   vücud       
head    /hed/   kafa       
brain    /breyn/   beyin       
eye    /ay/   göz       
eye brow    /ay brov/   kaş       
eye lash    /ay leş/   kirpik       
nose    /noz/   burun       
mouth    /mauth/   ağız       
tongue    /tang/   dil       
lip    /lip/   dudak       
hair    /heyr/   saç       
ear    /iyr/   kulak       
neck    /nek/   boyun       
shoulder    /şoldır/   omuz       
arm    /arm/   kol       
elbow    /elbov/   dirsek       
hand    /hend/   el       
finger    /fingır/   parmak       
nail    /neyl/   tırnak       
breast    /brest/   göğüs       
waist    /veyst/   bel       
hip    /hip/   kalça       
lap    /lep/   kucak       
leg    /leg/   bacak       
knee    /ni/   diz       
foot    /fut/   ayak       
toe    /to/   ayak parmağı       

03:21 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a22



grandfather    /grendfadır/   Büyükbaba, dede       
grandmother    /grendmadır/   Büyükanne, nine       
grandparents    /grendperınts/   Dede ve nine, büyük ebeveynler       
father    /fadır/   baba.       
mother    /madır/   anne       
parents    /perınts/   anne ve baba, ebeveynler       
brother    /bradır/   erkek kardeş       
sister    /sistır/   kız kardeş       
sibling    /sibling/   kardeş       
aunt    /aunt/   hala, teyze, yenge       
uncle    /ankıl/   amca, dayı, enişte       
nephew    /nifyu/   erkek yeğen       
neice    /niis/   kız yeğen       
cousin    /kazın/   kuzen       
husband    /hazbınd/   koca, eş       
wife    /vayf/   hanım, eş       
couple    /kapıl/   karı koca, evli çift       
daughter    /doğtır/   kız evlat       
son    /san/   erkek evlat       
child    /çayld/   çocuk       
children    /çildırın/   çocuklar       
granddaughter    /grendoğtır/   kız torun       
grandson    /grendson/   erkek torun       
grandchild    /grençayld/   torun       
grandchildren    grençildırın/   torunlar

03:21 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a21

student    /styudınt/   öğrenci       
teacher    /tiçır/   öğretmen       
doctor    /daktır/   doktor       
farmer    /farmır/   çiftci       
businessman    /biznısmın/   iş adamı       
tradesman    /treydısmın/   tüccar       
engineer    /enciniyr/   mühendis       
soldier    /solcır/   asker       
actor, actress    /ektır/, /ektris/   aktör, aktris       
architect    /arkitekt/   mimar       
accountant    /ekauntınt/   muhasebeci       
tailor    /teylır/   terzi       
policeman    /polismın/   polis       
carpenter    /karpıntır/   marangoz       
musician    /müzişın/   müzisyen       

03:20 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a20

apple    /epıl/   elma       
orange    /orınç/   partakal       
tangerine    /tencırin/   mandalina       
banana    /bınana/   muz       
peach    /piç/   şeftali       
apricot    /eyprikıt/   kayısı       
Melon    /melın/   kavun       
Water melon    /wotır melın/   karpuz       
strawberry    /strovberi/   çilek       
cherry    /çeri/   kiraz       
plum    /plam/   erik       
grape    /greyp/   üzüm       
pear    /piyr/   armut       

03:20 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a19

tomato    /tımeyto/   domates       
patato    /pıteyto/   patates       
lettuce    /letıs/   marul       
cacumber    /kakumbır/   salatalık       
mushroom    /maşrum/   mantar       
onion    /onyın/   soğan       
pepper    /pepır/   biber       
eggplant    /egplent/   patlıcan       
corn    /korn/   mısır       
beans    /bins/   fasülye       
carot    /kerıt/   havuç       
cauliflower    /kaliflavır/   karnabahar       
cabbage    /kebiç/   lahana       
turnip    /törnip/   şalgam       
mustard    /mastırd/   hardal

03:19 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a18

HAYVANLAR / ANIMALS

cat    /ket/   kedi       
kitty    /kiti/   yavru kedi       
dog    /dog/   köpek       
puppy    /papi/   yavru köpek       
rabbit    /rebit/   tavşan       
chicken    /çikın/   tavuk       
horse    /hors/   at, beygir       
pony    /poni/   midilli       
bear    /beer/   ayı       
lion    /layın/   aslan       
tiger    /taygır/   kaplan       
wolf    /volf/   kurt       
camel    /kemıl/   deve       
bat    /bet/   yarasa       
turkey    /törki/   hindi       
sheep    /şiip/   koyun       
elephant    /elıfınt/   fil       
kangaroo    /kangıru/   kanguru       
donkey    /danki/   eşek       
goat    /got/   keçi       
lamb    /lemb/   kuzu       
deer    /diir/   geyik       
cow    /kov/   inek       
bull    /bul/   boğa

03:18 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a17

CLOTHES / GİYSİLER

shirt    /şört/   gömlek       
short sleeved shirt    /şort slivd şört/   kısa kollu gömlek       
T-shirt    /tişört/   tişört       
trousers    /trozırs/   pantolon       
jeans    /ciins/   kot pantolon       
skirt    /skört/   etek       
dress    /dres/   elbise       
suit    /suut/   takım       
jacket    /cekıt/   ceket       
coat    /koot/   palto       
scarf    /skarf/   atkı       
hat    /het/   şapka       
gloves    /glovz/   eldiven       
shorts    /şorts/   şort       
cardigan    /kardigın/   hır

03:18 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a15

ILLNESSES / HASTALIKLAR

toothace    /thutheyk/   diş ağrısı       
headache    /hedeyk/   baş ağrısı       
backache    /bekeyk/   sırt ağrısı       
stomachache    /stamıkeyk/   mide(karın) ağrısı       
heart attack    /hart ıtek/   kalp krizi       
cancer    /kensır/   kanser       
have cold    /hev kold/   soğuk almak       
sore throat    /sor throt/   boğaz ağrısı       
sore foot    /sor fut/   ayak ağrısı       
measles    /mizıls/   kızamık       
diarrhoea    /dayırıyı/   ishal       
lumbago    /lambego/   bel fıtığı       
leukemia    /lökemya/   lösemi       
bronchitis    /bronkaytıs/   bronşit       
dysentery    /dizınteri/   dizanteri       
asthma    /ezma/   astım       
hernia    /hörniya/   fıtık       
ulcer    /alsır/   ülser       
flu    /flu/   grip       
itch    /iç/   kaşıntı       
hiccup    /hikap/   hıçkırık

 

03:16 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a14

1- Tereciye tere satılmaz.

    Don't teach your grandmother to suck eggs.
    You can't teach an old dog new tricks.

    2- Temizlik imandan gelir.

      Cleanliness is next to Godliness.

      1- Yalancının mumu yatsıya kadar yanar.

        Cheats never prosper.

        2- Yarası olan gocunur.

          If the cap fits, wear it.

          3- Ye kürküm ye.

            Fine feathers make fine birds.

            4- Yumuşak huylu atın çiftesi pek yavuz olur.

              Still waters run deep.

              5- Yuvarlanan taş yosun tutmaz.

                Still waters run deep.

                6- Yuvayı dişi kuş yapar. .

                  Men make houses, women make homes.

                  7- Yurta sulh cihanda sulh

                    Peace at home peace on earth

                    8- Yüz güzelliği hamamdan eve, öz güzelliği Urum'dan Şam'a.

                      Beauty is but skin deep.

                      1- Zararın neresinden dönülse kârdır.

                        Better lose the saddle than the horse.

03:13 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a13

1- Laf ile peynir gemisi yürümez. / Az laf çok iş.

    Actions speak louder than words.

    1- Mart kapıdan baktırır, kazma kürek yaktırır.

      Cast ne'er a clout fill may is out.

      2- Meramın elinden birşey kurtulamaz.

        Where there's life, there is hope.

        3- Murat insandan, takdir Allah'tan.

          Man proposes, God disposes.

          1- Ne ekersen onu biçersin.

            As you sow, so you shall reap.

             

            1- Olmaya devlet cihanda, bir nefes sıhhat gibi.

              Health is better than wealth

              1- Para parayı çeker.

                Money makes (breeds) money.

                2- Paran çoksa dostun da çok.

                  He that hath a full purse never wanted a friend.

                  3- Parayı veren düdüğü çalar.

                    Who pays the piper calls the tune.

                    4- Perşembenin gelişi çarşambadan belli olur.

                      Coming events cast their shadows before.

                      1- Rahat bir vicdan yumuşak bir yastığa benzer.

                        Good conscience is a soft pillow.

                         

                        1- Sabreden derviş muradına ermiş.

                          Everything comes to him two waits.

                          2- Sakınılan göze çöp batar.

                         

                          What one fears always happen.

                          3- Sandıktaki sırtında ambardaki karnında.

                         

                          He has nothing but what you see of him.

                          4- Sen elinden geleni yap, gerisini Allah'a bırak.

                         

                          God helps him who helps himself.

                          5- Sırçadan evi olan komşuya taş atmaz.

                         

                          Those that live in glass houses should not throw stones.

                          6- Son gülen iyi güler.

                         

                          He who laughs last laughs best

                          7- Sona kalan dona kalır.

                         

                          Early bird gets the worm.
                          First come, first served.

                          8- Sonu iyi biten herşey iyidir.

                         

                          All is well that ends well.

                          9- Söz gümüşse sükut altındır.

                         

                          Speech is silver, but silence is gold.

                          10- Su akarken testiyi doldurmalı.

                         

                          Make hay while the sun shines.

                          11- Su testisi su yolunda kırılır.

                         

                          The pitcher goes so often to the well that it is broken at last.

                          12- Sükut ikrardan gelir.

                         

                          Silence gives consent.

                          13- Sütten ağzı yanan yoğurdu üfleyerek yer.

                         

                          Once burnt twice shy.
                          A burnt (bunt) child dreads the fire.

03:10 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a12

1- Kabul olunmayacak duaya amin denmez.

    What is inadmissable meets with deaf ear.

    2- Kaçan balık büşük olur.

      Praising what is lost makes the remembrance dear.

      3- Karga yavrusunu şahin görür.

        All his geese are swans.

        4- Kaynayan yağa sinek konmaz.

          Danger keeps harmful people away.

          5- Kazan kazana dibin kara seninki benden kara demiş.

            A faulty person should not criticize the other.
            A pot (should not) call the kettle black.

            6- Kendi düşen ağlamaz.

              As you make your bed, you'll lie on it.

              7- Kızını dövmeyen dizini döver.

                Spare the rod and spoil the child.

                8- Kişiyi vezir eden de rezil eden de karısıdır.

                  A good wife is a good prize.
                  A cheerful wife is the joy of life.

                  9- Komşunun tavuğu komşuya kaz karısı da kız görünürmüş.

                    The apples on the other side of the wall are sweetest.
                    The grass is greener on the other side of the fence.

                    10- Korkak bezirgan ne kâr eder ne ziyan.

                      Nothing venture, nothing have.

                      11- Korkulu rüya görmektense uyanık yatmak yeğdir.

                        Better be sorry than sure.

                        12- Korkunun ecele faydası yoktur.

                          Cowards die many times before their deaths.

                          13- Koyun olmayan köyde keçiye Abdurrahman Çelebi derler.

                            Among the blind one-eyed man is king.

                            14- Körle yatan şaşı kalkar.

                              The rotten apple injures its neighbours.

                              15- Kötü haber tez yayılır.

                                Ill (bad) news travels apace (fast).

                                16- Kurdun yavrusu kuzu olmaz.

                                  A villian's deed cannot be charity.

03:09 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a11

1- İçecek suya çamur atılmaz.

    Mud not the fountain that giveth drink to thee.

    2- İhtiyaç icadın anasıdır.

      Necessity is the mother of invention.

      3- İki cambaz aynı ipte oynamaz.

        Two cunning men will not try to make a dupe of each other.

        4- İlk atan okçudur.

          A prompt action is the proof of efficiency.

          5- İnsan ikrarı hayvan yuları ile tutulur.

            Careless talk gives show away.
            Let not your tongue cut your throat.

            6- İt ulur, birbirini bulur.

              Birds of a feather flock together.

              7- İti an, çomağı hazırla.

                Talk of the devil and you see his hoofs.

                8- İtiraf edilmiş bir suç yarı ıslah edilmiş demektir.

                  A fault confessed is half-redressed.

                  9- İyi başlamak bitirmenin yarısıdır.

                    A good beginning is half the battle.

                    10- İyi dost kara günde belli olur.

                      A friend in need is a friend indeed.

03:09 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a10

1- Isını ağırlayan, itine kemik atar.

    Look after your dog if you want to enjoy your property.

    2- Isıran it dişini göstermez.

      En evil-doer hides his weapon.

      3- Isırgın ile taharet olmaz.

        A villian's deed cannot be charity.

        4- Islanmışın yağmurdan korkusu olmaz.

          A drenched man does not fear the rain.

03:08 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a9

1- Haberdar olan haltetmez.

    Forewarned is forearmed.

    2- Hacı hacıyı Mekke'de domuz domuzu suvatta tanır.

      Your haunts decide your acquaintances.

      3- Halep orada ise arşın buradadır.

        Your achievements elsewhere can be proved here.

        4- Hatasız kul olmaz.

          Even the best steed sometimes stumbles.

          5- Havlayan köpek ısırmaz.

            Barking dogs seldom bite.
            Its bark is worse than his bite.

            6- Haydan gelen huya gider.

              Easy come, easy go.

              7- Hediye atın dişine bakılmaz.

                Don't look a gift horse in the mounth.

                8- Her felakette bir hayır vardır.

                  Every cloud has a silver lining.

                  9- Her kuşun eti yenmez.

                    One man's meat is another one's poison.

                    10- Her sakallıyı deden sanma.

                      All that glitters is not gold.

                      11- Herşeyde bir hayır vardır.

                        Every cloud has a silver lining.

                        12- Herşeyin fazlası zarar.

                          Enough is as good as a feast.
                          Enough is enough.

                          13- Horozu çok olan köyde sabah erken olur.

                            Many cocks spail the broth.

                            14- Herkes bu konuyu konuşuyor

                              I heard it through the grapevine.

                              15- Her inişin bir çıkışı, hen çıkışın bir inişi vardır.

                                Every declivity has an acclivity and every acclivity has a declivity.

03:07 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a8

1- Garip kuşun yuvasını Allah yapar.

    God is the protector of the destitute.

    2- Geceleri su uyur düşman uyamaz.

      A foe is wideawake at all times.

      3- Geç olsun da güç olmasın.

        Better late than never.

        4- Gerçek arkadaş kara günde belli olur.

          A friend in need is a friend indeed.

          5- Geçmişe mazi derler.

            Let bygones be bygones.

            6- Geveze kişi ya işinden kalır, ya da yolundan.

              Jabbering causes loss of time and money.

              7- Görünen köy kılavuz istemez.

                Good wine needs no bush.

                8- Görünüşe aldanmamalı.

                  Appearances are deceptive.

                  9- Güle başka isim verseler de yine gül.

                    A rose by another name would smell as sweet.

                    10- Gülü seven dikenine katlanır.

                      Who loves the rose should put up with its thorns.

                      11- Gün doğmadan neler doğar.

                        It is the unexpected that always happen.

                        12- Güvenme güzelliğine bir sivilce yeter, güvenme malına bir kıvılcım yeter

                          Beauty is but skin deep.

                          13- Güzelim diye mağrur olma, tez savar vakti şebab.(Güzellik gelip geçicidir.)

                            Beauty is but skin deep.

                            14- Gözden ırak olan gönülden de ırak olur

                              Out of sight out of mind

03:06 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a7

1- Felek kimine kaftan giydirir, kimine yelek; kimine kavun yedirir, kimine kelek.

    A man must live according to his destiny.

    2- Fındıkçının terazisi olmaz.

      A player has no conscience.

      3- Fırsat bir rüzgardır ki bilinmez nereden eser.

        A chance comes without warning.

        4- Fırtınadan sonra mayna olur.

          After a storm comes a calm.

          5- Fukarayı bir kahve ile savarsın, zengine ne ikram edem şaşarsın.

            The poor are slighted, the rich are courted.

03:05 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a6

1- Ecel gelince başa, baş ağrısı bahane.

    Death is a debt to pay, the cause is meaningless.

    2- Eğilen baş kesilmez.

      Better bend than break.
      A fault confessed is "half-redressed".

      3- Eğilmek kırılmaktan yeğdir.

        Give in rather than suffer.

        4- Ekmeği yiyen bilmez doğrayan bilir.

          One that toils feels the burnt.

          5- El yarası geçer, dil yarası geçmez.

            A broken heart will never be mended.

            6- Elde bir kuş ağaçta bir kuştan yeğdir.

              A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

              7- Erken yatmak, erken kalkmak insanı sağlıklı, zengin ve akıllı yapar.

                Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.

                8- Eski çamlar bardak oldu.

                  Other times, other ways.
                  Let bygones be bygones.

                  9 - Et tırnaktan ayrılmaz, (Kan bağı herşeyden kuvvetlidir.

                    Blood is thicker than water.

                    10 - Evi ev eden avrat, yurdu şen eden devlet.

                      A cheerful wife is the joy of life.

                      11 - Evvela can sonra canan.

                        Charity begins at home.

                        12 - En iyi reklam kulaktan kulağa olandır.

                          The best advertising is mouth to mouth.

                          13 - Evin kristaldense başkasının camına taş atma!

                            The people who live in glass houses should not throw stone.

03:04 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a5

1- Dağda sallanmaz ama zelzele onu sallar

    Mountains may be removed with eathquakes.

    2- Dağ dağ üstüne olur, ev ev üstüne olmaz.

      Two households (families) cannot get on in one house.

      3- Dağ dağa kavuşmaz insan insana kavuşur.

        Friends may always meet but mountains never.

        4- Dağ yürümezse apdal yürür

          If the mountain will not go to Mohammed,
          Mohammed will go to the mountain.

          5- Damda pekmezin olsun, sinek Bağdat'tan gelir..

            The choice and the loveable lack no suitors.

            6- Damlaya damlaya göl olur.

              Many a mickle makes a muckle.

              7- Demir tavında dövülür.

                Strike while the iron is hot.

                8- Denizde balık pazarı olmaz.

                  It is unwise to negotiate what is not in hand.

                  9- Denize düşen yılana sarılır.

                    A drowning man will catch a strow.

                    10- Dereyi görmeden paçaları sıvama

                      Don't cross the bridge before you get there.
                      Don't count your chickens before they are hatched.

                      11- Deve bir akçaya , deve bin akçaya.

                        A thing you don't want is dear at any price.

                        12- Dilencinin torbası olmaz.

                          Beggar's bags are bottomless.

                          13- Dilenciye hıyar vermişler eğri diye beğenmemiş.

                            Beggars cannot (must not) be choosers.

                            14- Dinsizin hakkından imansız gelir.

                              Diamond cut diamond.
                              Set a thief to catch a thief.

                              15- Değişmeyen tek şey değişimdir.

                                Nothing is permanent but change.

03:03 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a4

1- Çabuk koşan çabuk yorulur.

    He that runs fast will not run long.

    2- Çalma elin kapısını, çalarlar kapını.

      Tit for tat.

      3- Çapalı tarlada ayrık türemez.

        The well-brought up will not become undesirable.

        4- Çocuğa iş ver sonra peşinden git.

          Call a dog and bark yourself.

03:02 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a3

1- Can boğazdan gelir.

    Good food is the back bone of life.

    2- Can çıkmayınca huy çıkmaz.

      Habit lasts for a life-time.

      3- Cahil ile bal yeme, yaşdaş ile taş taşı.

        You do well to accompany somebody about your age.

        4- cahil ile çıkma yola, getirir başına bin türlü bela.

          Lack of experience invites trouble.

          5- Canı yanan eşek, attan rahvan olur.

            Suffering imposes great efforts

03:01 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a2

1- Bağış eden endaze tutmaz.

    The generous do not scrutinize.

    2- Bahtın borusu öterse kim olsa oynar.

      He dances well to whom the fortune pipes.

      3- Bakan göze yasak olmaz.

        A cat may look at a king.

        4- Bakarsan bağ olur, bakmazsan dağ.

          It is the want of care that makes the field bare.

          5- Bal tutan parmağını yalar.

            He who has something to do with a big deal will always draw some profit.

            6- Balık baştan kokar, su dipten bulanır.

              Trouble starts either by senseless leadership or by underground activities.

              7- Bana arkadaşını söyle, sana kim olduğunu söyleyeyim.

                Tell me with whom thou goest and I'll tell thee what thou doest.

                8- Başa gelen çekilir.

                  What can't be cured must be endured.

                  9 - Battı balık yan gider.

                    If for penny, in for a pound.

                    10 - Beterin beteri var.

                      Nothing so bad but might have been worse.

                      11 - Bıçak yarası geçer, dil yarası geçmez.

                        Words cut more than swords.

                        12 - Bir çiçekle yaz gelmez.

                          One swallow doesn't bring the summer.

                          13 - Bir çocuktan bir deliden al haberi.

                            children and fools speak the truth.

                            14 - Bir elin nesi var, iki elin sesi var.

                              Many hands make light work.

                              15 - Bir fincan kahvenin kırk yıl hatırı var.

                                A miss is as good as a mile.

                                16 - Bir mıh nal kurtarır, bir nal bir at kurtarır.

                                  A stitch in time saves nine.

                                  17 - Bir pire için yorgan yakar.

                                    He that takes revenge at all costs.

                                    18 - Boş fıçı çok langırdar.

                                      Empty vessels make the most noise.

                                      19 - Bu deveyi ya güdersin ya da bu diyardan gidersin.

                                        When in Rome do as the Romans do.

                                        20 - Bugünkü tavuk yarınki kazdan iyidir.

                                          A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.

                                          21 - Bugünün işini yarına bırakma.

                                            Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.

                                            22- Beni bir kez kandırırsan hata senin, iki kez kandırırsan hata benim.

                                              Fool me once shame on you;fool me twice shame on me
                                              (sent by Nihal Çayıröz / Konya)

                                              23- Bedava sirke baldan tatlıdır.

                                                Free vinegar is sweeter than honey.

03:00 - 27/3/2009 - yorum {0} - post comment

a1

1- Acele işe şeytan karışır.

    More haste more waste
    Haste makes waste
    More haste less speed

    2- Acı patlıcanı kırağı çalmaz

      The worthless ned no protection

      3- Aç esner, aşık gerinir. (Davranışlar niyeti gösterir.)

        Manners betray feelings.

        4- Aç it fırını deler.

          Retaliation is a cure.
          Retaliation puts an end to bitter pills.

          5- Aç tavuk arpa sandığını sayıklar.

            A hopeful wish comes through in a dream.

            6- Adamın (insanın) adı çıkacağına canı çıksın.

              Give a dog a bad name and hang him.

              7- Afiyet olsun demekle deniz suyu içilmez.

                Compliments do not succeed in all cases.

                8- Ağacı kurt, insanı dert yer.

                  Care killed a cat.
                  Curiosity killed the cat.
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